人教版高二英语上册第10单元知识点|人教版高二英语上册第10单元知识点：Frightening nature

聪明出于勤奋，天才在于积累。尽快地掌握科学知识，迅速提高学习能力，接下来为大家提供了高二英语上册第10单元知识点，希望大家能谨记呦！！人教版高二英语上册第10单元知识点：Frightening nat

聪明出于勤奋，天才在于积累。尽快地掌握科学知识，迅速提高学习能力，接下来为大家提供了高二英语上册第10单元知识点，希望大家能谨记呦！！

人教版高二英语上册第10单元知识点：Frightening nature

【Frightening nature知识点】

1. How does nature form a danger to people in the world and how can science help reduce that threat. 大自然是怎样对全世界人民形成一种威胁的及科学能如何帮助减少这种威胁。( p.73 Warming Up No.3)

1) danger此处用作可数名词，意为“危害，威胁”，常与介词to或of连用。如：① The narrow bridge is a danger to traffic. 这座狭窄的桥梁对交通造成了危险。② Violent criminals like that are a danger to society. 这种暴力罪犯对社会是一种危害。③ A busy street is a danger to children. 交通流量大的街道对小孩子很危险。

【链接】像danger一样，还有些抽象名词可表示具体化的事物。如：surprise，cold，pleasure，pity，failure，success， worry，honour， experience，must，difficulty，youth，beauty，wonder，interest等;但也有些抽象名词即使没有形容词修饰也不能具体化，如：fun，advice，information，health，progress，wealth，news，weather等。如：① The experiment has turned out a success. 实验终于成功了。② Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. 许多人赞成当今国际贸易中英语知识是不可缺少的东西。

2) reduce此处用作及物动词，意为“把 (数量、力量等)减少;缩小(尺寸、程度等);降低(价格等)”，如：① I bought this shirt because it was reduced from $12 to $6. 我买了这件衬衣，因为它的价格从12英镑减到6英镑。 ② She reduced her weight by 5 kilograms. 她的体重减轻了5公斤。③ Reduce the sauce by boiling it for ten minutes. 煮十分钟把调味汁熬掉些。④ The new working method further reduced production costs. 新的操作方法进一步降低了生产成本。

【拓展】reduce还可意为“使成为(多用于被动语态且与to连用);使处于某种状态(须与to连用)”。如：① The bomb reduced the city to ruins. 炸弹爆炸使得该城镇化为废墟。② The house was reduced to ashes. 房子被烧成了灰烬。③ He managed to reduced the group of children to silence. 他设法使这些孩子静了下来。④In the old society he was reduced to begging. 在旧社会他被逼得讨饭。

2. My friend said he was scared to death. 我的朋友说他吓得要死。(p.74 Speaking 倒数第7行)

1) scared意为“感到害怕(恐惧)的，受惊吓的”，其后常与介词of/at，动词不定式或that从句连用。如： ① Are you scared of snakes? 你怕蛇吗? ② Why won't you come on the trip? Are you scared? 你为什么不参加旅行?你害怕吗? ③ She was scared to ride on the horse. 她怕

骑马。④ I'm scared to fly in a plane/scared that it might crash. 我很怕坐飞机旅行/很怕飞机坠毁。

【辨析】scared;frightened;terrified 三者意义相同，只是程度不同：scared语气最弱，terrified语气最强。

① I felt a bit scared when the plane took off. 飞机起飞时，我有点害怕。② The child was frightened by the big dog. 那孩子被狗吓坏了。③ I was terrified when the tiger ran towards me. 那只老虎向我扑来时，我吓坏了。

2) 本句中的介词to表示某一过程达到的结果，变为“成了…，以至变为…”。如： ① His debts amounted to 5,000 dollars. 他的负债额达到了5000美元。② The cup was broken to pieces. 那杯子破成了碎片。③ The snow soon turned to water under the rays of the sun. 在阳光照射下雪很快变成了水。④ The cake was burnt to a cinder by the time Mary got back. 玛丽回来时，点心已烤成焦炭。⑤ He drank himself to death. 他饮酒致死。⑥ To our great surprise，he didn't turn up. 使我们很奇怪的是他竟然没有露面。

3. Some people got into a total panic, when the typhoon pulled the roofs off their houses and cars went up in the air. 当台风掀掉屋顶、汽车刮上天时，有些人惊慌起来。(p.74 Speaking 倒数第4行)

1) get into a panic意为“进入恐怖状态”，其后与about连用引出原因。如：① The audience got into a panic about the fire in the theatre.观众因剧院起火而变得慌乱起来。② She got into a panic when she thought she'd forgotten the tickets. 她想起忘了带入场券时，顿时惊慌起来。

【注意】panic尤其指没有明确的理由而传开于群众间的恐慌，通常用单数形式或当作不可数名词。如：① We were thrown into a panic when the lights suddenly went off. 当灯突然熄灭时，我们陷入一片慌乱。 ② The crowd was in a panic. 群众陷入恐慌状态。

2) 句中off意为“从原位置或接触连接处移开，分离或脱落”，即从整体中去掉某一部分。如： ① One of the buttons has come off my coat. 我的衣服掉了一个纽扣。 ② The bus hit a truck and ran off the road. 那辆公共汽车撞上了一辆卡车，冲出了公路。③ She took some meat off the plate. 她从盘子里拿走了一些肉。④ You are going off the subject, aren't you? 你的话离题了，不是吗?

3) go up的几种常见意思：a. 上涨，提高; b. 响起;c. 爆炸, 被炸，/烧毁;d. 拔地而起。如： ① Everything seems to be going up these days. 近来什么东西好像都要涨价。② When the first stream of clear water flowed into the canal，a great cheer went up. 当第一股清泉流入水渠时，顿时一片欢腾。 ③ The tall building went up in flames. 这座大楼在熊熊烈火中烧毁了。④ New universities went up at a fantastic rate in the 1980s. 在80年代，新的大学以极快的速度建造起来。

4. Yeah, man. Now that kind of thing would really frighten me. 嗯，老兄。那种事情确实使我害怕。(p.74 Speaking 倒数第4行)

man此处用作不可数名词，用于称呼男性，意为“老兄”。如：① This party is really great, man! 老兄，这个聚会真是棒极了! ② Wake up, man，you can't sleep all day! 老兄，醒醒，你不能整天睡觉!

【链接】有关man的几种特殊用法：(1) 在男人与女人相提并论时，man前不用冠词，单独用。如：Man is stronger than woman. 男人比女人强壮。(2)用作不可数名词，表示“人类”时，不和冠词连用。如：Man must fight for his own existence. 人类必须为自己的生存而奋斗。(3) men and woman是固定短语，词序不能颠倒，表示“男女”。如：This TV play is so interesting that men and women，boys and girls like to watch it. 这部电视剧非常有趣，男女老少都爱看。(4)含man的几条谚语：① So many men，so many minds. 人各有志。② Like master，like man. 有其主必有其仆。③ Dead man tell no tales. 死人不会泄露。④ A man can die but once. 人无二死。⑤ A man can do n0 more than he can. 凡事应量力而行。⑥ A man can not spin and reel at the same time. 一心不能二用。 ⑦ A man has choice to begin love, but not to end it. 谈爱容易摆脱难。⑧ Men may meet but mountains never. 人生何处不相逢。⑨ A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weeds. 光说不做的人有如光生长野草的花园。⑩ No man is born wise or learned. 人非生而知之者。 ⑪ No man is wise at all times. 智者千虑必有一失。

5. It makes my hair stand on end.这令我毛骨悚然。(p.75 Useful expressions)

on end意义有二：a. 直立;b. 连续的，继续地(也可以说 right / straight on end)。如：We had to stand the table on end to get in through the door. 我们只能把桌子竖起才能把它抬进这门。The terrible sight made her hair stand on end. 那可怕的景象使她毛骨悚然。He sat there for hours on end. 她连续几个小时坐在那儿。It has been snowing on end for a week.雪连续下了一周。同步练习题[/page]

【同步练习题】

第一节:单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

21. ______, Mike? You look pale.

A. Hello B. How are you C. How do you do D. What’s up

22. He had ______ two wars and three revolutions.

A. lived on B. lived by C. lived out D. lived through

23. I urge that a doctor ______ immediately.

A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for

24. ------ Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?

-----------Yes. I give it to her_____ I saw her.

A. while B. for the moment C. in a moment D. the moment

25. Bill can play the piano, sing and lead his orchestra ______.

A. all of a sudden B. at the time C. all at once D. all the same

26. They were ______ to death when they saw a giant spider.

A. scare B. scaring C. scared D. scary

27. We were having supper when the clock ______ twelve.

A. struck B. hit C. beat D. knocked

28. — Will John come here today?.

—No, he finally decided ______.

A. not to be B. not to going C. not to D. not going

29. It was reported that the ship and all people______ had sunk.

A. at hand B. on end C. on all sides D. on board

30. Oh, Jim. ______ you give us..

A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise.

C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise

31. He took care of the boy ______ he were his own son.

A. because B. as though C. for D. even though

32. The girl on the bus began to sing a pop song and soon all the others______..

A. joined in B. Joined C. attended D. took part in

33. ______ the airport, he was arrested by the police.

A. As soon as arriving B. Upon he arrived C. On arriving D. Upon arrival at

34. Are your socks made____________ or machine?

A. at hand B. by hand C. in hand D. to hand

35. The sight of the dead man made his hair ______ on end.

A. sit B. lie C. stand D. seat

第二部分:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

Last year, my classmate Jane and I graduated from an ordinary normal university. Like most of the students who had just stepped out of university, we had to (36) the first tough test — job hunting to( 37 )a passport to society. And the most( 38) part was the job interview. The (39) was very fierce. Dozens of my classmates, Jane (40), sent our resumes to a key middle school for a teaching post, making the chance of success as low as 1 to 20.

Before the job interview, I (41) thorough preparations, including a formal suit, a newly-done hair, a few( 42 )on job interviews, and even some ancient Chinese poems (43) I encountered a learned interviewer. On that day everything went off( 44). I answered all the questions fluently. I felt very( 45). Jane was still there waiting for her turn. I made a “V”( 46)to her. She smiled at me, looking a little worried. I (47) she was not as eloquent(雄辩的) as I, though not inferior to me in studies. I felt I had an advantage over her. However, a week later, all of us received letters of (48). Another week later, guess what happened! She got the job!( 49) congratulating her, I asked her how she got it. She said, “I did (50). I just wrote them a note of thanks after receiving the letter of refusal.” Only then (51) I realize why all the applicants had received the same letters and that was also a part of the (52).

Only a note of thanks, but that was what made all the difference. This experience (53) me a good lesson, that is, (54 )excellent you are, you should never forget the (55 ) manners of saying “Thank you!”.

36. A. look through B. live through C. go on D. go through

37. A. get B. allow C. accept D. permit

38. A. important B. sad C. reliable D. acceptable

39. A. interview B. contest C. competition D. post

40. A. including B. included C. containing D. contained

41. A. took B. made C. had D. put

42. A. tips B. notices C. advice D. suggestion

43. A. so that B. in order that C. even if D. in case

44. A. actually B. difficultly C. smoothly D. excitedly

45. A. confident B. disappointed C. worried D. proud

46. A. mark B. signal C. sign D. form

47. A. thought B. expected C. suggested D. advised

48. A. thanks B. application C. refusal D. acceptance

49. A. For B. While C. What D. Then

50. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything

51. A. have B. did C. do D. had

52. A. exams B. problems C. checks D. tests

53. A. believed B. sent C. gave D. taught

54. A. even B. still C. however D. very

55. A. bad B. simple C. easy D. content阅读理解-A[/page]

第三部分：阅读理解(共20小题;每小题3分，满分60分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

EL Nino has existed for a long time. It was first observed by Peruvian(秘鲁) fishermen who noticed that sea warmed up every few years around Christmas time. They named the phenomenon(现象) EL Nino, which is Spanish for“the child”,　and refers to the young Christ.

In more recent years, climatologists have discovered the fact that EL Nino appears every two to seven years. Its cause is still unknown, but it’s clear that when it does appear, it can disrupt(使混乱) weather patterns over three quarters of the globe. In fact, after the EL Nino of 1982/1983, climatologists realized that it affects the world’s weather systems more than any other phenomenon except the seasons. That EL Nino killed over 2,000 people in floods and droughts and caused $13 billion worth of damage.

In the wave of such global climatic disruption, climatologists have begun to give all their attention to the relationship between the oceans and the atmosphere. What has appeared is a complex interaction between sea and air, which drives the world’s weather systems. Ocean temperatures create winds which control currents(气流), which in turn move heat around the surface of the oceans, creating new winds, in a cycle that repeats itself endlessly. By examining this relationship, climatologists have begun to understand how a body of water, which is only slightly warmer than the water around it, can have a serious effect on a large area’s climate. And when the body of warm water is the size of this year’s EL Nino, global climatic change seems certain to happen.

56. From the first paragraph we can infer that ______.

A. only fishermen care about the phenomenon EL Nino

B. Peruvian fishermen can speak Spanish

C. EL Nino has only existed in a certain place for a long time

D. Some Peruvian fishermen were scientists

57. From the second paragraph we can get to know that ______.

A. climatologists have found the ways to deal with EL Nino

B. climatologist have found the real cause of EL Nino

C. climatologists have found how often EL Nino happens

D. climatologists have found that the seasons of the globe are out of order

58. In the third paragraph, the underlined word“interaction” means“______”.

A. activity of putting into B. activity of working together

C. activity of moving about D. activity of drawing near

59. In an EL Nino year, ______.

A. seasons are disrupted B. there is no wind blowing

C. parts of the globe suffer greatly D. parts of the globe are covered by sea water阅读理解-B[/page]

Today, air travel is far safer than driving a car on a busy motorway. But still there is a danger that grows every year. Airliners get larger and larger. Some airplanes can carry over 300 passengers. And the air itself becomes more and more crowded. If one large airliner struck into another in midair, 600 lives could be lost.

From the moment an airliner takes off to the moment it lands, every movement is watched on radar screens. Air traffic controllers tell the pilot exactly when to turn, when to climb, and when to come down. The air traffic controllers around a busy airport like London-Heathrow may deal with 2,500 planes a day. Not all of them actually land at the airport. Any plane that flies near the airport comes under the orders of the controllers there. Even a small mistake on their part could cause a terrible accident.

Recently such a disaster almost happened. Two large jets were flying towards the airport. One was carrying 69 passengers from Toronto, the other 176 passengers from Chicago. An air traffic controller noticed on his radar screen that the two planes were too close to each other. He ordered one to turn to the right and to climb. But he made a mistake. He ordered the wrong plane to do this. So, instead of turning away from the second plane, the first plane turned towards it. Fifteen seconds later it flew directly in front of the second plane. They avoided each other by the smallest part of a second. The distance between them was less than that of a large swimming pool. This is an example of the danger that grows every year.

60. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Traveling by air is as safe as by car. B. Traveling by air is not as safe as by car.

C. Traveling by car is as dangerous as by air. D. Traveling by car is more dangerous than by air.

61. The air traffic controllers of an airport ______.

A. control all the planes flying near the airport B. give orders to planes leaving the airport

C. only deal with the planes that want to land there D. are allowed to handle 250 planes a day

62. The danger of air crashes grows every year because ______.

A. airliners are getting larger and air traffic is becoming heavier

B. a pilot does not always hear a controller’s order

C. a controller is likely to make more and more mistakes

D. airports can hardly serve the growing number of airplanes

63. The example in the passage is to show that ______.

A. air traffic controllers are often careless

B. air traffic controllers should pay much attention to avoiding accidents

C. it is difficult for airplanes to avoid terrible accidents

D. two planes should not fly too close to each other阅读理解C[/page]

Buildings crashing to the ground in seconds. Thousands of people losing their lives in a flash. Since they were told an earthquake would hit Tokyo around September 16, Japanese people haven’t been able to get these thoughts out of their minds.

They heard the news from Yoshio Kushida, a researcher who used radio waves to predict that an earthquake would strike with a magnitude(量级) of at least seven. “It would be terrible not to warn people of a possible disaster in case a quake actually occurs,” he said.

His warning had a big effect. Frightened Tokyo people have been stocking up on(贮存)　water, food and candles in preparation for the terrible day.

But Kushida hasn’t had much support from the experts. At present, predicting earthquakes is thought to be impossible. No one can tell exactly where or when the next major earthquake will occur. An earthquake begins tens of miles below the earth’s surface: it’s too far-away to see.

Ancient Chinese and Italian scientists forecast earthquakes by special “earthquake clouds”. They found that a week before an earthquake, there were often strange clouds — shaped like snakes, waves or feathers — in the sky. They thought the clouds might come from a gas produced underground by an earthquake.

People also used to watch animals to see if earthquakes were coming. When they saw birds fly away suddenly, dogs barking violently or fish jumping out of the water, they told people to leave the area. Some scientists believed animals had a sharper sense of changes taking place underground.

But the ancient methods were not reliable enough. Nowadays, scientists use special instruments to predict earthquakes more precisely(精确地).

Satellite systems are very useful: they record small changes in the earth’s magnetic fields(磁场)　which help show where and when an earthquake may strike.

64. Since they were told an earthquake would hit Tokyo, Japanese people ______.

A. have had no mind to do their work B. have always thought great damage it may cause

C. have almost forgot about it D. have bought all the foods in the markets

65. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Tokyo people were surprised at the warning.

B. Greater disasters would happen if people are not warned of before an earthquake.

C. Predicting earthquakes is completely impossible at present science level.

D. According to ancient people, before an earthquake we can see strange clouds anywhere.

66. We can infer from the passage that ______.

A. an earthquake is about to attack Tokyo

B. there are some signs of an earthquake anyone can know about before it happens

C. some animals can precisely predict any earthquake

D. people predict earthquakes according to small changes of magnetic fields of the earth more precisely

67. Which can be the best title for the passage?

A. Earthquake Prediction B. Magnetic Fields C. Earthquakes D. Earthquake in Japan推荐阅读-D[/page]

We welcome you aboard the Finnair Flight and will do our best to make your trip comfortable and enjoyable.

For your safety and convenience

To begin the trip, we would like to draw your attention to some safety-related details. These are also explained on the instruction card in the seat pocket in front of you. Seat belts must remain fastened while the “Fasten seatbelts” sign is on. It is advisable to keep them fastened at all times while seated. All flights are non-smoking. The use of mobile telephones is now allowed when the airplane is on the ground and the “Fasten seatbelts” sign is turned off. During the flight the use of CD and DVD players is not allowed.

For your entertainment

To help you enjoy your trip, we provide a range of newspapers on international flights. On our MID-1l and Boeing aircraft, we are also pleased to provide music and video programs. On Airbus A321/320/319, aircraft route maps and short videos are shown. Details of entertainment programs available on MD-11 aircraft are shown on the separate “On the Air” brochure(小册子) located in your seat pocket.

For your children

Special reading material is provided for children and on longer flights there are also audio and video programs for them. On long-distance flights, first-time flyers between the ages of 2 and 15 can join our Finnair Junior Plus Club.

Meals and drinks

During most flights we serve you a tasty meal with drinks to accompany it. Beer, wine and other drinks are served free of charge. Coffee, tea and juice are served free of charge on all domestic flights of over 35 minutes. On domestic flights leaving before nine and on all flights to northern Finland, a snack is served. We value your opinion. In this magazine you’ll find a special form for your comments about our service. Kindly return the form to our crew or any Finnair office. It will be forwarded directly to the appropriate department. You can also fax it (+ 358-(0)89819-7729) or send your comments by e-mail to feedback@tinnier.com. Our crew is pleased to answer your questions during the flight whenever possible.

68.Which of the following is NOT true?

A. During the flight you have to keep your seat belt fastened all the time.

B. When taking Airbus A321/320/319, you may know where you are through an aircraft route map.

C. During the flight you may listen to music or watch video.

D. During the flight you may have some coffee or tea or juice for free.

69. The purpose of the passage is to ______.

A. teach the passengers how to use the seat belts

B. tell the passengers what kind of entertainment they can enjoy during their flight

C. encourage the passengers to give comments on the service

D. introduce the good service of the Finnair and attract more passengers

70. If you’ll be on a domestic flight for an hour, you may ______.

A. enjoy coffee, tea and juice free of charge

B. join the Finnair Junior Plus Club

C. find aircraft route maps and short videos

D. use DVD players

71. You may find this passage in ______.

A. a newspaper　 B. a book C. a magazine　 D. an official document阅读理解-E[/page]

Have you ever suddenly felt that someone you knew was in trouble　—　and was he? Have you ever dreamed something that came true later? Maybe you have ESP (特异功能).

ESP stands for Extrasensory Perception. It may be called a sixth sense. It seems to let people know about events before they happen, or events that are happening some distance away.

Here’s an example. A woman was ironing clothes. Suddenly she screamed, “My father is dead! I saw him sitting in the chair!” Just then, a telegram came. The woman’s father died of a heart attack. He died sitting in a chair.

There are thousands of stories like this one on record. Scientists are studying them to find out what’s behind these strange mental messages. Here’s another example　—　one of hundreds of dreams that have come true.

A man dreamed he was walking along a road when a horse and carriage came by. The driver said, “There’s room for one more.”　The man felt the driver seemed dead, so he ran away. The next day, when the man was getting on a crowded bus, the bus driver said, “There’s room for one more.”

Then the man saw that the driver’s face was the same face he had seen in the dream. He wouldn’t get on the bus. As the bus drove off, it crashed and burst into flames. Everyone was killed!

Some people say stories like these are coincidences. Others, including some scientists, say that ESP is real. From studies of ESP, we may someday learn more about the human mind.

72. According to the passage, the author believes that the sixth sense is ______.

A. in existence B. imaginative C. not real D. impossible

73. By studying ESP, scientists may get to ______.

A. learn how people tell lies B. know more about human dreams

C. know more about human mind D. learn how strange things happen

74. In the last paragraph the underlined word “coincidences” probably means “______”.

A. things that may not happen B. things that happen in a dream

C. things that must happen D. things that happen by accident

75. This article is mainly about ______.

A. the human dream B. the sixth sense C. the human mind D. a crowded bus

参考答案:

21-25 DACDC 26-30 DAADD